| Geographical Information Area - 26,500 sq.
km.
Population 5,125,000
The Donetsk oblast was established on July 17, 1932. The oblast is located in the
southeastern part of Ukraine. Donetsk, the Centre of the oblast has population of 1,092.7
thousand people. The oblast makes up 4.4% of the territory of Ukraine. Its population
constitutes 10% of the whole Ukraine, including 4,626.7 thousand urban people and 498.7
thousand rural people (9.7%). The density of the population is more than 193 people per
sq. km.
The oblast comprises 28 towns, 23 district centres, 21 municipal districts, 17 rural
districts, 134 urban villages, 253 village radas and 1,124 villages.
The oblast borders with Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dniprodzerzhynsk and Zaporizhia oblasts of
Ukraine and Rostov oblast of the Russian Federation. In the south, the oblast is washed by
the Azov Sea. The oblast stretches 240 km from north to south, 170 km from west to east.
The distance from the oblast's Centre to the capital of Ukraine by railway is 871 km, by
roads, 693 km.
Mineral resources available in this region abound in almost all components of periodic
system. The largest deposits of iron ore have been explored close to Mariupol. The Donetsk
land contains industrial reserves of fire clay, chalk, gypsum, dolomites, marl, lime,
mercury ore, rare deposits of salt, providing 90% of the total salt extraction of Ukraine.
Donetsk oblast has large deposits of coal, its explored reserves make up 9.9 billion tons,
including 5.7 billion tons of coke coal and 1.2 billion tons of anthracites.
Transport and communications
Availability in the oblast of the dense network of automobile roads and railways, access
to the sea, high urbanization create rare conditions for the industry development and
active participation in the state and international distribution of labor. There is an
international airport in Donetsk, airfields also function in Mariupol city and Kramatorsk
town.
Donetsk "TVO of transport" is one of the largest in Ukraine. It carries out
around 20% of the total volume of goods and passengers transportation, performed by the
Ministry of Transport of Ukraine. Every day the "TVO of transport" transports
around 50 thousand tons of goods and 700 thousand passengers.
The Donetsk railway renders transportation services to industrial enterprises and
population of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, as well as partially of Dniprodzerzhynsk,
Zaporizhia and Kharkiv. The railway serves around 1,300 access tracks, their length makes
up 9.5 thousand km, 1.2 thousand km of which are on the balance of the railway.
The Mariupol State Sea Trade Port is the largest on the Azov Sea. It is considered to be
the gates to Donbas and South of Ukraine. Azov Sea Steamship Company is a major enterprise
of the sea transport of Ukraine.
Donetsk OPEZ "Donetsktelekom" was established on the state owned property and is
included in the composition of the Ukrainian Association of Electric Communication
"Ukrtelekom". The OPEZ "Donetsktelekom" comprises 26 affiliates, which
render communication services in 1,309 settlements, including 1,124 in the rural area. In
these settlements, 10,936 electric communication men serve 205 city ATSs (automatic
telephone station) for 652.4 thousand telephone numbers and 398 rural ATSs for 42.4
thousand telephone numbers, 257 radio centres with the total quantity of the basic radio
points of 942.5 thousand units, as well as intercity telephone station and cable
communication lines.
Foreign economic relations
The Donetsk oblast has concluded agreements on cooperation with all oblasts of Ukraine,
Rostov, Kursk, Belgorod, Orel, Nizhiy Novgorod, Sverdlovsk, Moscow, Chita oblasts of the
Russian Federation, Gomel oblast of the Republic of Belarus, Karahanda oblast of the
Republic of Kazakhstan, Tashkent oblast of the Republic Uzbekistan, Guandun province of
China, Komarom-Erstegom oblast of Hungary. Besides, such cities as Donetsk, Makiyivka,
Mariupol have agreements on cooperation with the cities of the CIS and other foreign
countries. Thus, the Donetsk oblast, as a subject of foreign economic activity, is one of
the largest in Ukraine.
In 1996 the oblast has exported almost 20% of the produce of the total export volume of
Ukraine, and imported 9.8%. The oblast's foreign trade turnover in 1996 increased,
comparing with 1995, by 15.8% and reached 3.98 billion US dollars, 63% of which were the
export operations.
Operations with the CIS countries make up around 30% in the foreign trade turnover. The
main partner is the Russian Federation - more than 20% of the total turnover and 70% of
the turnover with the CIS countries. The main partners among other foreign countries are
China - 15.2%, Taiwan - 9.8%, Germany - 3.1% of the total foreign trade turnover. |
Industry
The specific weight of industry branches in the gross product structure of the Donetsk
oblast is the following: industry - 66.2%; agriculture - 5.4%; construction - 18.6%;
transport and communications - 5.8%. In the structure of production of the major products
of Ukraine the Donetsk oblast's specific weight comprises rolling equipment (95.8%),
domestic refrigerators and deep freezers (95.0%), food salt (87.3%), coal (54.4%), coke
(54.3%), ready made rolled ferrous metals (50.5%), steel (49.8%), cast iron (49.7%), blast
furnace and steel smelting equipment (44.1%)
105 mines and mine departments function in the oblast's coal industry, of them 86 are
included in the composition of 8 holding companies and 5 production associations, 11 mines
have an independent status. Besides, holding companies comprise 25 coal preparation
plants. The production capacity of the coal extracting enterprises makes up 59,025
thousand tons. The oblast's mine construction complex is represented, as a whole, by 12
open joint stock companies, created on the basis of mine construction trusts. The specific
weight of the coal extraction by the oblast's mines in the total extraction of Ukraine
makes up more than 55% and around 80% of the coke coal extraction.
Electric power industry in the Donetsk oblast is represented by the single complex of
generating, network, repair and technical enterprises, infrastructure enterprises,
scientific subdivisions - totally forty labor collectives with the total number of workers
of 36 thousand. The major ones are power generating company DAEK "Donbasenergo"
(Zuyivska TES-2, Starobeshivska TES, Slovyanska TES, Kuharivska TES); Vuhlehirska TES. The
rated capacity of the generating equipment of the thermal electric power stations is 9.71
million kW. As of today the actual working capacity at the oblast's electric power
stations is up to 3.0 million kW, which makes up 30% of the rated one.
Ferrous metallurgy of the oblast is a powerful industrial complex, consisting of three
integrated iron and steel works: OJSC "Mariupol integrated iron and steel works named
after Illich", OJSC "Azovstal" integrated iron and steel works", OJSC
"Makiyivka integrated iron and steel works", four metallurgical works: OJSC
"Yenakiyevo metallurgical works", OJSC "Donetsk metallurgical works",
OJSC "Kramatorsk metallurgical works" and OJSC "Kostyantynivka
metallurgical works", two enterprises manufacturing metal products: OJSC
"Silur" (Khartsyzsk town) and OJSC "Druzhkivka metal products works"
as well as OJSC "Khartsyzsk tube plant", OJSC "Makiyivka tube casting
plant", OJSC "Donetsk metal rolling works".
The rated capacity of the oblast's ferrous metallurgy enterprises makes up 42% of the
total production of ferrous metals of Ukraine and allows to produce (in million tons):
cast iron (on the basis of that which is further processed) - 18.2, steel - 22.9, annual
rolled metal - 15.8, coke of 6% humidity - 12.2, refractory materials - 2.5.
The industry produce is exported to more than 50 countries of the world. The leading
exporters of ferrous metals are the "Integrated iron and steel works named after
Illich" and "Azovstal" (Mariupol city) which occupy a special place among 8
functioning metallurgical enterprises of the Donetsk oblast. They provide half of the
oblast's export supplies and nearly 10% of the national export. These works have sintering
plants, powerful blast furnace shops, oxygen converters and continuous steel casting. The
works also have relatively modern rolling mills (3,600 and rail and structural mills at
the "Azovstal" works; 3,000 and the pipe manufacturing shop at the "Works
named after Illich"). These works will be the main profit centres among the
metallurgical enterprises of the oblast in the near future. So the issue of the technical
refurbishment at every of these enterprises must be solved independently by individual
programs of development with gradual removing from operation of the Martin (open hearth
furnace) steel production (at both enterprises) and termination of steel casting into
ingots (at the "Works named after Illich" after the year 2000.
The following main productions of nonferrous and rare metals of Ukraine are located on the
territory of the Donetsk oblast: manufacturing lead, zinc, cadmium (OJSC
"Ukrzinc", Kostyantynivka town); mercury and its compounds (OJSC
"Mykytivsky mercury integrated plant"); poly and monocrystalline silicon, iodide
titanium, ferroalloys of refractory metals: molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium (Donetsk
chemical metallurgical factory); hard alloys on the basis of iron, nickel, cobalt, powder
on the basis of iron, nickel, powder tape and wire, copper powders (OJSC
"Toreztverdosplav"); rolled nonferrous metals and alloys on the basis of copper
and aluminum (OJSC "Artemivsk factory of nonferrous metals working"); as well as
collecting, processing of nonferrous metals waste and producing cast alloys on the basis
of copper, zinc, aluminum (OJSC "Donetskkolyormet"), JC "Donkavamet").
|
Industry (Continued) Chemical industry of
the Donetsk oblast is represented by 15 enterprises which manufacture mineral fertilizers,
plastic materials, soda, acids, products for the military/industrial complex, applied
chemistry goods. The "Chemistry" program includes 4 largest chemical enterprises
of the oblast: OJSC "Concern Stirol", Gorlivka town, OJSC "Soda
factory", Slovyansk town, Kostyantynivka chemical factory, OJSC "Donetsk factory
of chemical reagents", which produce around 90% of the total output of the oblast's
chemical products. The rest of factories have been included in other branch programs.
There are around 200 machine building enterprises in the oblast, belonging to various
industries of the Ukraine's national economy. Chiefly they represent coal, energy,
transport machine building, radio electronic, machine tool, instrumental and
electro-technical industries. The industry leading enterprises, the result of economic
activity of which mainly determine the state in the oblast's machine building, and on the
work of which substantially depends the prospect of technical development of the
industries using the machine building produce, are the following ones: Closed JSC
"Novokramatorsk machine building factory", OJSC "Azov" (formerly
"Azovmash" Concern), OJSC "Starokramatorsk machine building factory",
Donetsk factory of rubber/chemical products", Horlivka chemical factory, OJSC
"Tochmash", OJSC "Donetskgirmash", OJSC "Druzhkivka machine
building factory", OJSC "Kramatorsk factory of heavy machine tool
building", OJSC "Energomashspetsstal", OJSC "Topaz", OJSC
Snizhnyanskhimmash", OJSC "Slovvazhmash", OJSC "Donbaskabel".
The indicated enterprises are a major constituent part of the Ukraine's machine building
complex. They cover more than 50% of the production volume of all factories of the coal
machine building and 12% of the total output of the industry marketable products..
Food and food processing industry of the oblast comprises 150 enterprises and
organizations. It has 14 branches: food flavoring, fruit and vegetable, meat, dairy, flour
and cereals, wine, alcoholic beverage, baking, macaroni, confectionery, fish, salt
producing, vegetable oil and fat and nonalcoholic beer in which 36 thousand people are
employed or 1.5% of those employed in all spheres of economic activity.
Agriculture
464 agricultural enterprises, of which 431 are collective and 33 state owned, function in
the oblast's agriculture. Besides, there are 2,300 acting farms, 275 subsidiary
agricultural enterprises of various ministries and departments in the oblast. The oblast's
agriculture has 2,047.8 thousand hectares of land, of which 1,661.9 thousand hectares of
arable land. 155.1 thousand hectares (9.3%) of the arable land are irrigated. The main
direction of the structural transformation of the agriculture is a priority development of
grain growing, stable production of grain in the oblast is 2-2.1 million tons.
Development of cattle breeding will be based on realization of the achievements of the
genetics of high productive home and foreign breeds for raising the quality of the cattle
livestock, poultry and their productivity, organization of production on the scientific
base and introduction of new technologies, further integration of cattle breeders and
processing industry. Meat cattle breeding, hybridization and interbreed crossing in pig
breeding will be further developed.
|
